Career

  • Staff Scientist VII, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (2019-present).
  • Staff Scientist VI, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (2016-2019).
  • Staff Scientist V, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (2012-2016).
  • Staff Scientist IV, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (2008-2012).
  • Staff Scientist III, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (2004-2008).
  • Post Doctoral Fellow, Institute for Plant Genetics & Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, Germany (2000-2003).
  • Research Associate, Ch. Charan Singh University, Meerut (1998-2000).

Awards and Honours

Research Area

Plant Molecular Genetics and Genomics, Stress Biology.

Research Program

Development of genomic resources for the model plant, foxtail millet

Foxtail millet [Setaria italica (L.) BEAUV] is the world’s second largely produced millet crop. Its prominent attributes such as small genome size (~515 Mb), less repetitive DNA, in-breeding nature and genetic close-relatedness to bioenergy grasses has promoted the crop as a tractable experimental model system. Noteworthy, it is one of the oldest domesticated diploid C4 Panicoid crop with potential abiotic stress tolerance, particularly towards drought and salinity. Hence it is imperative to understand and analyse its genome for generating novel tools such as DNA markers to encourage molecular breeding for crop improvement. Considering this, we have generated novel intron length polymorphic (ILP) markers and genomic simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers in foxtail millet. The release of genome sequence in 2012 had motivated us to conduct genome-wide analyses for generating large-scale genomic SSRs, genic SSRs and ILP markers. We had also demonstrated the utility of these markers in germplasm characterization, transferability, phylogenetics and comparative mapping studies in millets and bioenergy grass species. With the availability of large-scale molecular markers and high-density physical and comparative maps, we had constructed Foxtail millet Marker Database (FmMDb) to provide the breeders an unrestricted access to the developed genomic resources. Thus our database promisingly bridges the gap between researchers and breeders in hastening molecular breeding for crop improvement of both millet and bioenergy grass species. Using the developed markers, we performed genetic diversity, population structure and association mapping analysis for 20 yield contributing agronomic traits in a core-collection of 184 foxtail millet accessions. Noteworthy, this is the first report on association mapping in Indian foxtail millet germplasm and this will serve as a base in foxtail millet breeding to further uncover marker-trait associations with a large number of markers.

Seamlessly, we are engaged in developing more genomic resources and our on-going research in this area includes;

Development of novel molecular markers in large-scale for genome analysis.

Genome-wide association mapping of important agronomic and drought related traits using high-throughput sequencing platforms.

Dissecting the molecular mechanism of abiotic stress response in foxtail millet

Being sessile, plants are continually challenged by an array of environmental stresses which pose devastating threat to its existence and development. Of the diverse abiotic stresses, salinity and drought-stress contributes extensively to the yield reduction in agronomically valued crops. This urged us to decipher the molecular mechanism involved in resistant plants towards these abiotic stresses and so we selected foxtail millet as our experimental model. In this context, we examined the transcript profiles of foxtail millet at different time points of dehydration and salinity stress and identified a distinct set of genes in response to these stresses. Further we showed that only 10% genes coincided under both the stresses suggesting a distinct mechanism to perceive and respond to salt- and dehydration-stress conditions. Recently we had characterized DREB- and NAC- transcription factors, which regulate the expression of various stress-inducible genes for conferring drought and salinity tolerance, respectively. Noteworthy, our genome-wide studies of NAC transcription factors and WD40 proteins were the first reports on elucidating the expression profiling, structural and evolutionary analyses, and molecular modeling of respective gene/protein families in foxtail millet.

Long term goal of our research is the molecular dissection of transcriptional machinery e.g. identification and characterization of transcription factors controlling the expression of drought and salt-induced genes for understanding the drought/salt-induced signal transduction events and eventually leading towards development of crop varieties superior in stress-tolerance by genetic manipulation.

We had reported our landmark findings in reputed journals such as PLoS ONE, Plant Cell Tiss Organ Cult, Genomics, Mol Biotechnol, J Exp Bot, Protoplasma, J Plant Physiol, Biochem Biophy Res Commun, Mol Biotechnol, Plant Breed, J Plant Biochem Biotechnol, and published comprehensive reviews in Trends Plant Sci, Crit Rev Biotechnol, J of Exp Bot, J Plant Biochem Biotechnol .

The on-going studies in this area include:

1.Genome-wide comparative methylome analysis of drought and salinity stress.

2.Identifying and elucidating the role of stress-responsive microRNAs.

3.Molecular characterization of stress-responsive proteins conferring stress tolerance.

4.Conducting genome-wide surveys, expression profiling, structural and evolutionary analyses of gene families which play a crucial role in stress tolerance.

Investigating the biotic stress response of tomato towards Tomato Leaf Curl Virus

Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) is the second most important and popular vegetable crop after potatoes in the world. Tomato leaf curl disease (ToLCD), caused by the Tomato Leaf Curl Virus (ToLCV) is one of the most devastating diseases of tomato, especially in tropical and subtropical climates. The disease is reported to be caused by different species of whitefly-transmitted Geminiviruses (Genus: begomovirus) which has mono-/bi-partite genome. Monopartite begomoviruses infecting tomato have been reported in different parts of Southern India, whereas bipartite begomoviruses have been reported from northern and western parts. Among these divergent begomoviruses, Tomato leaf curl New Delhi Virus (ToLCNDV) has very wide distribution and host range. We focused our study towards understanding the defense mechanism employed by all the available resistance sources and introgress them into one cultivar for raising a strong and durable resistance.

To study the defense-related host gene expression, we implied the suppression subtractive hybridization technique and reported a total of 106 differentially expressed genes in a tolerant cultivar of tomato. Recently, we had also reported the existence of siRNA-mediated defense in the tolerant cultivar, suggesting the fact that increased level of siRNAs may have a possible correlation with the lower level of viral replication in this cultivar. Subsequently, we mapped the target regions for post-transcriptional and DNA methylation-specific RNA silencing in the ToLCV genome and showed that targeting the viral genomic regions could be a better alternate defense strategy for generating transgenics to prevent yield loss in tomato. This is important because various host factors are involved in assisting in viral replication as well as in the counter defending of viral multiplication. This involves defensive action of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) as well as epigenetic interference and miRNA-based control. In this regard, studies on detailed mechanistic insight of virus tolerance in tomato are currently being undertaken in our laboratory under the following key objectives:

Deciphering the mechanism of siRNA mediated resistance.

Functional characterization of UPS component gene(s) as novel virus defense components in tolerant tomato cultivar.

Enhancing tolerance of susceptible tomato cultivar through over-expression of candidate gene(s).

Our prime findings on this topic are published in International journals such as Mol Biotechnol, Mol Plant Pathol, and published reviews in Plant Cell Rep, J Biosci, Mol Biotechnol, Protoplasma. , Funct Integr Genomics

Mapping of Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) resistance loci in Soybean

Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV), a bipartite Geminivirus infects several economically important legume crops and causes severe yield loss. In particular, its infection in Soybean (Glycine max) is devastating and it imposes serious threat to National food security.  Hence, with the aim of generating elite cultivars tolerant to MYMIV, we attempted to develop molecular markers linked with MYMIV-resistance loci in soybean. Screening for MYMIV tolerance among the recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between a resistant cultivar UPSM534 and susceptible cv. JS335 was performed at NIPGR experimental field and selected for mapping the resistance loci. A low-depth whole-genome re-sequencing using Illumina HiSeq 2000 has also been performed for two parents (cv. JS-335 and cv. UPSM-534) for large-scale identification of high-quality polymorphic SNP/InDels markers to map the MYMIV resistance loci.

Databases Developed (Download Flyer)

Special Issues

Research topic Journal Editors Year
Abiotic Stress Signaling in Plants: Functional Genomic Intervention Frontiers in Plant Science Pandey GK, Prasad M, Pandey A, Boemer M 2016
Integrating plant genetics and genomics for delineating climate resilience and health benefitting characteristics from millets Frontiers in Plant Science Prasad M, Yadav R 2017
Harnessing Crop Biodiversity and Genomics Assisted Pre-Breeding Approaches for Next Generation Climate-Smart Varieties Frontiers in Plant Science Vikram P, Prasad M, Singh S, Raman H, Septiningsih EM

2017

Books Edited

The Foxtail Millet Genome

Prasad, Manoj (Ed.)

Springer International Publishing

eBook ISBN: 978-3-319-65617-5

DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-65617-5

Group Members

 

Selected Publications (View Complete List)

Publication 2017 - 2018

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Publication 2015 - 2016

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Publication 2013 - 2014

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 Publication 2011 - 2012  

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Publication 2009 - 2010

 

Publication 2007 - 2008

 

 

Publication 2005 - 2006

 

 Publication 2003 - 2004